It implies a quality or character distinguishing a kind or a species.
He gave me a very specific instruction. There is a specific tool for each job.
(独特的) peculiar: Strange or perhaps unpleasant.
It implies strangeness. He has a peculiar way of speaking.
14.取消 消灭
(取消 解除) cancel: To give up, to declare something is to be effective.
He has cancelled his leave of absence.(消假)
(废除 废止) abolish: To do away with. It refers to practices, social institutions. Bad customs should be abolished.
(消灭 排除) eliminate: To get rid of.
We should eliminate the false and retain the true.
(撤消 废除) repeal: To bring to an end of the effect of a law or an order. Some laws should be repealed.
(根除 消灭) exterminate: To destroy completely and wholly.
Colonialism must be exterminated.
15.破碎
break: The most general one.
(压碎 压破) crush: To press together violently as to break, to destroy its shape by squeezing it. It suggests the effect of great external pressure.
The tree fell on top of the car and crushed it.
(打碎) smash: To break thoroughly to pieces with a crushing sound.
She dropped the plate and smashed it.
(打裂) crack: To break without separation of parts.
It suggests the breaking out across a surface.
He cracked the window by leaning against it.
(破裂) burst: To break open by pressure from within.
The fireworks burst while they were in the air.
(砸碎 破碎) shatter: To break into pieces.
It suggests the breaking up of a thin surface.
The glass was shattered to pieces.
(撞坏) crash: To refer to the vehicle which hits something and is badly damaged.
16.环境 形势
(环境 形势) conditions: The location and other factors likely to
affect it. It suggests something that has stayed the same for
some time and which affects daily life such as food, work, and houses.
We are now studying the economic conditions in the developing countries.
(形势) situation: A position or state at a particular time, set of conditions, facts, and events having an effect on a person, society, etc.
It suggests more general matters such as government planning and finance.
The political situation in these countries are always changing.
(环境 周围 外界) environment: The circumstances, things and conditions that influence you. It refers to spirit aspect, physical aspect and
material aspect. We must try to beautify our environment.
(形势 情况) circumstance(s): A situation or event around us, a certain kind of atmosphere, the conditions that affect
what happens. in (under) the circumstances
(环境 周围事物) surrounding(s): The area and environment around a place or
person. It indicates a very narrow condition, "physically" sometimes reflects spiritual aspect.
They lived in hostile surroundings.
17.著名的
well-known: (infl)
famous: The most general one. widely known or honored.
(杰出的 知名的) distinguished: Great, outstanding marked by excellent quality or deserved fame, used especially of people who are famous for serious work in science, the arts etc.
He was a distinguished writer.